Narrative is imaginary stories
but sometimes narratives can be factual too
Purpose of narrative text :
To
entertain or to amuse
the reader or listener.
Generic structure of a narrative text:
·
Orientation
Sets the scene, introduces participant
It can be a paragraph, a picture or opening chapter in which the narrator tells
the audience about who is in the story (the character), when the story is
taking place, and where the action is happening.
·
Complication
A crisis arises
It triggers the chain of events that influences what will happen in the story.
Sequence of eventsWhere the characters react to the complication
·
Resolution
In which the characters finally solve the complication
·
Re
- oreintation
is
tell about complication and resolution
·
Coda
It provides comment or moral value on what have been learned from the story
(optional paragraph).
The language feature:
Normally past tense but it may change immediately when dialogues appear (into
Present Tense or Future Tense)
Use of material, verbal, mental process, relational process
Use of descriptive language ( a big empty house, the room is very large)
Use of time connectors (then, finally, first, next, once upon time, etc.)
Dialogue (direct sentence may be included)
The story may be sad ending or happy ending
The use of thinking verbs, feeling verbs, verbs of senses
(She felt hungry, she thought she was clever, she smelt something burning)
The use of saying verbs
Language Features
-
Focus on specific and individualized participants
-
The use of material process (action verbs)
-
The use of some behavioral and verbal process
-
The use of relational and mental processes
-
the use past tenses
-
The use of temporal conjunctions and circumstances
Example text
is
fabel : si kancil dan buaya
legend
: nyi roro kidul
mitos
: tangkuban perahu
example
story :
Cinderella
Once upon a time there
lived an unhappy young girl. Her mother was dead and her father had married a
widow with two daughters. Her stepmother didn't like her one little bit. All
her kind thoughts and loving touches were for her own daughters. Nothing was
too good for them - dresses, shoes, delicious food, soft beds, and every home
comfort. But, for the poor unhappy girl, there was nothing at all. No dresses,
only her stepsisters’ hand-me-downs. No lovely dishes, nothing but scraps. No
rest and no comfort. She had to work hard all day. Only when evening came was
she allowed to sit for a while by the fire, near the cinders. That’s why
everybody called her Cinderella.
Cinderella used to spend long hours all
alone talking to the cat. The cat said, “Miaow“, which really meant, “Cheer up!
You have something neither of your stepsisters has and that is beauty.” It was
quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in old rags, was a lovely girl. While her
stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant their clothes, were still
clumsy, lumpy and ugly and always would be.
One day, beautiful new dresses arrived
at the house. A ball was to be held at the palace and the stepsisters were
getting ready to go. Cinderella didn't even dare ask if she could go too. She
knew very well what the answer would be: “You? You're staying at home to wash
the dishes, scrub the floors and turn down the beds for your stepsisters.” They
will come home tired and very sleepy. Cinderella sighed, “Oh dear, I'm so
unhappy!” and the cat murmured “Miaow.”
Suddenly
something amazing happened. As Cinderella was sitting all alone, there was a
burst of light and a fairy appeared. “Don't be alarmed, Cinderella,” said the
fairy. “I know you would love to go to the ball. And so you shall!” “How can I,
dressed in rags?” Cinderella replied. “The servants will turn me away!”
The fairy smiled. With a flick of her magic wand Cinderella
found herself wearing the most beautiful dress she had ever seen. “Now for your
coach,” said the fairy; "A real lady would never go to a ball on foot!
Quick! Get me a pumpkin!” “Oh of course,” said Cinderella, rushing away. Then
the fairy turned to the cat. “You, bring me seven mice, and, remember they must
be alive!”
Cinderella soon returned with the
pumpkin and the cat with seven mice he had caught in the cellar. With a flick
of the magic wand the pumpkin turned into a sparkling coach and the mice became
six white horses, while the seventh mouse turned into a coachman in a smart
uniform and carrying a whip. Cinderella could hardly believe her eyes. “You
shall go to the ball Cinderella. But remember! You must leave at midnight. That
is when my spell ends. Your coach will turn back into a pumpkin and the horses
will become mice again. You will be dressed in rags and wearing clogs instead
of these glass slippers! Do you understand?” Cinderella smiled and said, “Yes,
I understand!”
Cinderella had a wonderful time at the
ball until she heard the first stroke of midnight! She remembered what the
fairy had said, and without a word of goodbye she slipped from the Prince’s
arms and ran down the steps. As she ran she lost one of her slippers, but not
for a moment did she dream of stopping to pick it up! If the last stroke of
midnight were to sound... oh... what a disaster that would be! Out she fled and
vanished into the night.
The
Prince, who was now madly in love with her, picked up the slipper and said to
his ministers, “Go and search everywhere for the girl whose foot this slipper
fits. I will never be content until I find her!” So the ministers tried the
slipper on the foot of every girl in the land until only Cinderella was left.
“That awful
untidy girl simply cannot have been at the ball,” snapped the stepmother. “Tell
the Prince he ought to marry one of my two daughters! Can't you see how ugly
Cinderella is?” But, to
everyone’s amazement, the shoe fitted perfectly.
Suddenly the
fairy appeared and waved her magic wand. In a flash, Cinderella appeared in a
splendid dress, shining with youth and beauty. Her stepmother and stepsisters
gaped at her in amazement, and the ministers said, “Come with us Cinderella!
The Prince is waiting for you.“
So
Cinderella married the Prince and lived happily ever. As for the cat, he just
said “Miaow!”
